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The Córdova-Flores Incident

previously given to Manuel Flores, "detailing the manner of procedure and directing the pledges and promises to be made to the Indians."[31]  Shortly after receiving this communication, Córdova, protected by fifty-three Mexicans, six Biloxi Indians including a chief, and five Negroes,[32]  left his lair on the Upper Trinity River in March 1839, and sought to pass through the frontier from the headwaters of the Trinity to Matamoros to confer with Canalizo, and to contact Manuel Flores. According to Burleson, his object was also to get ammunition to supply the Indians.

Córdova's trail and camp were discovered near the foot of the mountain, north of and not far from where the present city of Austin now stands, by George W. Davis and Reuben Hornsby, who were out riding on the morning of March 25. They believed they had discovered the trail of a large party of hostile Indians. The alarm was spread to the nearby Waterloo settlement (later to become Austin), to Hornsby's Bend, and to Colonel Edward Burleson at Bastrop, who received the news on March 27. Soon seventy-nine volunteers[33]  were assembled at Waterloo and organized late in the afternoon of the 27th under Colonel Burleson, whose brother Jacob had recently been killed in an Indian fight on Brushy Creek, near the present town of Taylor.[34]  Captains Jesse Billingsley and Micah (Mike) Andrews were each placed in charge of a company.[35]  While the men were forming, spies were sent



31. Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas, p. 63.

32. Edward Burleson to M. B. Lamar, Bastrop, April 4, 1839, in Lamar Papers, II, 49-50; A. Sidney Johnston to William H. Daingerfield, Houston, April 12, 1839 (Private), Army Papers (Texas), ms. The Telegraph and Texas Register, April 10, 1839, probably basing its report on that of the deserter Robison from Córdova's camp, gave the number of the Córdova party as 44 Mexicans and 9 Biloxi Indians. Burleson says that there were in all sixty-four.

33. See Appendix, p. 549. Fifty-eight years later A. J. Sowell interviewed Benjamin F. Highsmith, who claimed that he had participated in this expedition under Burleson, but Burleson's muster roll shows only a "Samuel Highsmith" participating. Benjamin F. Highsmith: One of Hays' Rangers, pp. 9-10; A. J. Sowell, Early Settlers and Indian Fighters of Southeast Texas, p. 15; J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, pp. 151-157.

34. Jacob Burleson was killed February 19 or 20, 1839. Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas, pp. 61-62; Sowell, Early Settlers and Indian Fighters of Southwest Texas, p. 16; John Holmes Jenkins, III (ed.), Recollections of Early Texas: The Memoirs of John Holland Jenkins, pp. 56-60.

35. Jesse Billingsley was born in Tennessee on October 10, 1818, from whence he came to Texas in 1834 and settled in the municipality of Mina (Bastrop). He participated in the capture of San Antonio from the Mexicans in 1835, and in

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AFTER SAN JACINTO: The Texas-Mexican Frontier, 1836-1841
Joseph Milton Nance, 1963